Public Relations for Whistle Blowing and Its Ethical Dilemmas

Question: Examine about thePublic Relationsfor Whistle Blowing and Its Ethical Dilemmas. Answer: Presentation Whistle blowing is the circumstance wherein one draws the consideration of the general population or individuals in power to certain demonstrations or practices apparent to be of unfortunate behavior or any movement that is unscrupulous either in the private or open divisions. A portion of the regular unfortunate activities featured by an informant may incorporate yet not restricted to tormenting, misrepresentation, debasement, infringement of wellbeing and security rules and separation. At the point when a worker blows a whistle he/she is probably going to experience the ill effects of the business in light of the fact that the business is intended to endure reputational harm. The said workers partners likewise repeat him/her once the out of lead practices are brought to the general population (Devine and Maassarani, 2008). These backlashes may transform into mistreatment when they are so extreme and they may emerge from legitimate directs at times particularly when the whistle is b lown to address ill-conceived reasons. Idea of Whistle Blowing This idea has been in presence for a long time anyway its not known by numerous due to the results and difficulties that accompany being some time blower. It takes an intense individual that puts stock in an only society to do the whistle blowing realizing very well whatever anticipates them after the demonstration. Its in this manner significant for the legitimate framework to secure an informant who as a rule implies useful for the general public. They are the voice of the voiceless. For instance in the UK the informants are secured under the open intrigue revelation act 1998. At first these exposures were in the open intrigue however following the order of another enactment in June 2013 the revelations are presently done uniquely in accordance with some basic honesty (Salter, 2007). Its a necessity that all businesses embrace an arrangement for whistle blowing with the goal that representatives are urged to bring to the open consideration the hazardous practices or any off-base doings. With a solid whistle blowing strategy in any association lawful moves can be made effectively against any organization that appear to endure interior bad behaviors. With the selection of an informant strategy there are laws that shield the informants from losing their positions in the wake of detailing wrongdoing inside the association or even against abuse. Such laws incorporate the informant assurance act (Cassematis and Wortley, 2013). The offenses announced might be past, continuous or under arranging. There exist inner and outer informants. For the inner whistle blowing is the place the informant reports an inappropriate demonstration to somebody inside the association while for the outer whistle passing up the informant to an authority outside the association like the law im plementation associations. The kind of whistle blowing likewise decides an informant (Brennan and Kelly, 2007). Government Whistle Blowers These are representatives of the administration that uncover the unfortunate activities of their supervisors or the workers from the private area that report their managers wrongdoings. The wrongdoings must be submitted in accordance with the government. For this situation the representatives are ensured by the demonstration. The representative is shielded from any demonstrations of counter once they report any wrongdoing deliberately (Davis, 2012). The legislature accordingly doesn't give any dangers of making a move against the representative. Hence with such detailing there is no downgrade, terminating, suspensions, dangers, provocations or even any types of oppression the informant. This insurance law and the whistle blowing act have been in presence for very a few years and for instance Peter Buxtun had the option to find and uncover the data about the central government with respect to some clinical issues. The administration had deliberately denied individuals of color treatment that experienced syphilis regardless of there being medicine. This was done as such as to guarantee they bite the dust and their bodies utilized for examination research. This prompted near 400 men interest in this without their insight. A moral grumbling was then filled by Buxtun with the administration twice where nothing was done until he decided to go to media houses to contact the general population (Zhang et al., 2009). This prompted the finish of such clinical investigations. This was something that was significantly ethically wrong as per President Bill Clinton and he named it as an unmistakable bigotry act. Corporate Whistleblowers Private organizations are likewise urged to report any offense at work places. Such informants are utilized by corporate organizations and other private substances and their primary job is to make a divulgence on the administrative or legal infringement by their bosses. For example in 2001 Sherron Watkin a worker or an organization called Enron made a few revelations on bookkeeping abnormalities in a circumstance where the organization intentionally expanded the expense of its stock. With this sort of double dealing numerous individuals lost their positions and their speculations. This activity by Sherron saved money on a lot more misfortunes that were set to be caused (Malek, 2007). These sorts of informants get their assurance from the corporate and criminal misrepresentation responsibility act which is a subset of Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the USA. Such laws have been found to support whistle blowing since representatives feel ensured and in this way urged to make such exposures (Skivenes and Trygstad, 2010). Actually reprisal has been made a felony in certain nations like USA. Individuals who decided to be effectively occupied with whistle blowing as it has been seen are ensured by certain laws and thusly no requirement for strain at all. Anyway these laws shift across countries and are consequently alluded to as interwoven designs. The False Claim Act This is the most acclaimed act and was established in 1863 and modern its despite everything being utilized. In this law a private individual is allowed to start a claim against any business that may have submitted misrepresentation to the government. With this demonstration the informant is permitted to gather some level of cash that might be granted because of their whistle blowing and he/she is ensured an excusal that might not be right (Gentile, 2010). In such claims the informant is a mystery source of the legislature and they are generously compensated to do such examinations before blowing a whistle. Why Whistle Blowing could be Considered an Ethical Dilemma The disclosures of an insider informant are probably going to have some enormous effects on the general public everywhere contrasted with as when its a pariah uncovering a similar unfortunate behavior (Park and Blenkinsopp, 2009). This is on the grounds that an insider informant has great information on how the association works and accordingly better positioned with regards to getting data that is secret contrasted with somebody from outside. Its subsequently feasible for an informant to uncover offenses in a manner that is powerful and furthermore effective. Anyway In many cases this whistle blowing comes as an assault that is of shock to the association being referred to or even the administration to a degree that they might not have anticipated a portion of its belongings by any stretch of the imagination. In other manner the informant will be unable to foresee or even anticipate the results of taking such activities both to them and the transgressor. Whistle blowing is along these lines one of the most significant themes concerning business morals and thusly worth being analyzed (Macey, 2009). In as much as most pundits accept that the choice to blow a whistle has results on the blower and their families its still important to have contemplations of how this demonstration can be defended in order to get rid of superfluous outcomes. Basically whistle blowing has been seen as traitorousness and harm of the associations picture. This is on the grounds that such people are taken like acting contrary to some corporate standards like don't release private data, don't cause issue and don't hurt the pride or trust of an association. An exhortation is in this manner gave by Devine and Maassarani to any informant to be sure of their targets of blowing a whistle on any issue and such goals may i ncorporate yet not constrained to wanting to guarantee people in general is shielded from hurt and being a productive member of society (Park, 2007). Consequently as expressed by De George (1993) any informant must be supported after certain realities; 1) if a genuine and impressive mischief to people in general is anticipated because of the unfortunate behavior. 2) The danger of the damage had recently been accounted for to the seniors yet no activity taken. 3) There is no other way the informant can take care of the issue emerging from the wrongdoing. 4) The individual has enough proof and valid justification to blow the whistle. The said realities at that point legitimize the need to blow a whistle and subsequently the blower needs security. Anyway a few pundits feel that these realities are abstract, exceptionally expansive and are of inward defense albeit fair assessments can in any case be led (Varelius, 2009). Any imminent informant needs to survey whether the demonstration would be supported toward the end on the grounds that there will be nobody to share their obligations. Indeed, even with self conviction that the demons tration is supported no general public will acknowledge it in totality. Any informant is in this way left with the issue of desires for potential harms that outcome from whistle blowing. With such desires for desperate results of their demonstrations then informants particularly corporate ones should set aside some effort to painstakingly break down their choices before setting out on the crucial discharge touchy data. They ought to unmistakably gauge their commitments that are both good and moral comparable to their prosperity. In genuine sense most informants have needed to manage serious reprisals since a portion of the individuals from general society accept its a demonstration of disloyalty (Nayyar, 2009). The effects of enemies of informants ought to be tended to with the earnestness it merits. They ought not at any expense

Personal Statement - For Texas A&M admission Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

- For Texas A&M confirmation - Personal Statement Example This will help me contribute emphatically to the worldwide vitality division, and the general public. Since the time my initial years, I have consistently had a solid assurance. This self control has empowered me to succeed equitably in divergent fields. For example, I have taken an interest in science ventures from my initial instruction, a factor that has helped me create and enthusiasm for building. Furthermore, I additionally used to take an intrigue when my dad, a vehicle aficionado, fixed his vehicle. In spite of this interests being far-fetched for a young lady, this establishment built up my enthusiasm for building impacting my tendency to be an oil engineer. I am eager and certain about my life tries. For example, I don't avoid the test of young men during science ventures. I accept that young ladies can likewise have an effect in the field of building. This certainty has developed my aspiration to be an oil engineer. I trust I have the fundamental drive and desire to prevail in this field. In any case, for this to be a chance, admission to this regarded college is

Balanced Scorecard

As referenced in the presentation above, various business types bring a critical diverse treatment of vital business control and assessment. Consider for instance, a firm that produce pieces of paper. The creation forms are very much characterized and moderately steady, utilitarian abilities are particular to increase working efficiencies. There are moderately no exacting test from a similar contender, in light of the fact that the piece of the pie are partitioned similarly, as long as they keep the creations quality and keep up the least expensive expense of production.Regardless of whether the earth is steady or dynamic, an association needs to practice power over its activities with the goal that its destinations are accomplished as primer business arranging. Firm that work in a steady domain with normalized items and procedures and low serious weights will utilize the less unpredictable practical business key. While the more intricate firm with the dynamic contender weight ought to be consider to utilize the more unpredictable key control framework (Shaw, 2004).Concerning the advancement of vital command over an enterprise, this paper will talk about the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for an organization named ‘Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care’. Besides, it likewise creates at any rate three key targets for every one of the four Balanced Scorecard zones (Financial, Customer, Process, and Learning and Growth). 2. Adjusted Score Card of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care 2. 1. Adjusted Score Card The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is one of the most persuasive business thoughts in the twentieth century.It was noticed that more than one-portion of the fortune 1,000 utilizations the BSC framework (Niven, 2006). A few people think about it as a type of task the board, a type of estimation or controlled improvement framework. Notwithstanding the marvelous prominence of the idea, we saw the act of the BSC idea shockingly focuses on the private areas. Robert Kaplan and David Norton first presented the Balanced Scorecard in the mid 1990’s as a key administration framework that powers administrators to concentrate on the significant exhibition measurements that lead to success.There are four points of view of BSC as following: 1. Money related point of view This is the standard viewpoint that everybody utilizes even before the BSC. Indeed, even a non-benefit association utilizes this point of view so as to adjust their books. It estimates money related exhibitions through monetary proportions and other budgetary markers. On account of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, the budgetary point of view remembers vital targets for following territories: ? Piece of the pie ? Incomes and expenses ? Productivity? Serious position 2. Client Perspective It is a proportion of corporate worth saw from the worth it conveys to clients. For example, time taken to process a call, aftereffect of customers’ studies, number of grumblings, serious rankings, and so forth. On acc ount of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, the Customer Value Perspective remembers vital targets for following territories: ? Client maintenance or turnover ? Consumer loyalty ? Client esteem 3. Business Process PerspectiveIt measures corporate incentive from the upgrade of its business forms, similar to time spent prospecting, quality cost, item adjust required, and so on. On account of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, Process or Internal Operations Perspective remembers vital goals for following regions: ? Proportion of procedure execution ? Profitability or efficiency improvement ? Activities measurements 4. Learning and Growth Perspective This point of view estimates corporate incentive from its learning capacities or the advancement of its learning processes.Example of exercises measures are staff preparing, worker proposal and improvement of specific procedures as a result of the learning procedure (‘Balanced Scorecard’, 2006). On account of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, the Learnin g and Growth (Employee) Perspective remembers vital goals for following zones: ? Representative fulfillment ? Worker turnover or maintenance ? Level of association ability ? Nature of association culture or atmosphere ? Mechanical advancement These viewpoints are then versatile to different organizations by picking various drivers for each perspective.The BSC can likewise distinguish and gauge relationship between's exercises, so as to help choose which exercises decidedly affected others. For example an online client assistance can assist lessening with calling calls and time to deal with objections, along these lines expanding adequacy of business forms. As indicated by Kaplan and Norton, there are different utilities of the Balance Scorecard. Some of them are: to explain and refresh procedure, impart system, adjust unit objectives to corporate technique, interface vital goals to long haul target, and so forth (‘Balanced Scorecard’, 2006). Adjusted Scorecard The equalization scorecard is an administration device that is utilized by the administration of organizations to empower them in anticipating how to adjust the business exercises to the vision and methodology of the association in order to improve the inner and outer procedures of the organization. Correspondence is utilized to screen the association execution against the key objectives that have been set by the administration of the organization.The balance scorecard was first evolved by Dr Robert Kaplan and David Norton who found that the apparatus would be utilized to quantify the exhibition of the representatives of the organization with the goal that they would enhance their presentation it was utilized by the administration of organizations in order to explain the vision and the systems and afterward to make an interpretation of them without hesitation. As indicated by some financial analyst they noticed that an association was seen into four points of view according to the de cent scorecard. The Learning and development perspectiveThis viewpoint that manages how the workers can be prepared with the goal for them to pick up the information and aptitudes that can empower them complete their exercises viably. It additionally manages the corporate social perspectives that identify with both the individual and corporate personal growth so the disposition for each the people and the companies would change so they would play out their exercises as per the necessities of the association and not for their own interests.There had been expanded innovative changes that have come about to the administration of the association to prepare their workers so they can adjust to those mechanical, monetary and social-financial changes. The business procedure point of view The viewpoint manages the inward business processes.The metric permits the administrators of an association to figure out how well their organizations are run and whether the items and administrations of th e organization can adjust to the client tastes and inclinations There are two sorts of procedures that are utilized while deciding the objectives of an organization these are crucial procedures and the help forms. The strategic procedures are utilized in estimation of the employee’s exhibitions to ward them as indicated by their aptitudes and responsibilities.The forms are generally utilized in the administration workplaces. The client point of view The ongoing examination demonstrated that clients added to the achievement of the organization and accordingly it is imperative to fulfill their necessities in light of the fact that incase they don't get happy with the administrations of their providers or dealers they can search for elective providers who could address their issues and this can posture to be a major test to the promoting division as the volume of deals of the organization can be influenced negatively.The the executives ought to figure out how to fulfill their cl ients needs by distinguishing the various sorts of clients and their various tastes and inclinations so the correct sort of items and administrations are delivered for them in order to keep up the clients and furthermore to build the profit of the organization by giving the privilege of merchandise and enterprises that are satisfactory to the clients. The money related point of view It is significant for the administration of association to give opportune and precise records of information so they can give the genuine monetary situation of a company.The execution of corporate databases it can improve legitimate centralization and computerization of data that can upgrade appropriate account of the exchanges into the budget reports with the goal that legitimate investigation of the organization can be made. The Tri-urban communities network Bank was an organization that was situated in the Midwest United States; it had ten branches that were gathered into divisions that is the souther n Division (SD) and Northern Division (ND). The divisions comprised of five branches that were going by a Branch President and a Branch Chief Loan Officer.The different staffs that dealt with the activities of the organization were the client support agents, advance delegates, contract advance originators, head tellers and the clerical specialists. Mrs. Chris Billing was the Southern Division (SD) president from a Marketing Director since she could improve the exhibition of the organization since she had procured the important abilities from school about how to improve the presentation of the company.In the year 2000 she actualized the reasonable scorecard into the association in spite of the fact that there were fights from the Northern Division (ND) presidents who considered the to be of the methodology as difficulty since they had not had about the procedure previously and was not prepared for change. Branch An According to the Customer Service Representative of Tri Cites Communi ty Bank Mrs.Mary Richards, she expressed that the execution of the fair scorecards would make more noteworthy credit volume for the advance adjusts, stores and the testaments of store and this would prompt lower net revenue, yet it is valuable to the company’s development. As indicated by Mike Moore she expressed the proportions of the fair scorecard were sensible, however the usage of the measure

Madness in the Tales of Poe and Hawthorne Essay

With frenzy and disarray overwhelming short stories, for example, a portion of the stories composed by Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, the mental conditions of their primary characters are absolutely critical. The implications of the accounts rely upon whether the characters are genuinely crazy, experiencing a physical disease or simply strongly furious and hungry for vengeance. Poe’s stories â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† both investigate topics of frenzy and untimely internments. Be that as it may, while Roderick Usher is by all accounts experiencing a physical ailment as well as from craziness which may have come from a â€Å"history of mental disorder† (Poe, The Fall of the House of Usher), Montresor appears to have been under the grasp of serious contempt that have been brought about by his victim’s past affront with the rest of his personal effects. It might be contended that Montresor is sick like Usher, yet his all around arranged wrongdoing negates the speculation of an unhinged psyche. In the interim, the mental difficulties of Hawthorne’s characters in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† are clearly milder, yet not subtler. Individuals may see Goodman Brown as a hermit and a big talker and Minister Hooper as somebody grieving over his or different people’s sins. Hawthorne investigates separation in the two stories, featuring the conceivable implosion that may result from strongly withdrawn lives. In spite of the fact that the accounts may shift and the degree of mental issue may vary, both Poe and Hawthorne present individuals with feelings that are excessively delicate and with intellectual capacities that are more upset than most. Poe is entranced by frenzy. His accounts are some of the time even described by people whose psychological and passionate offices are flawed. This outcomes to an additionally fascinating perusing of every one of the accounts. The peruser is left to think about whether the individual in question can remove the exact record of the story or an unhinged variant of it. In â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† the storyteller sees what goes on in his host, Roderick’s house. He â€Å"rejects proof of the supernatural†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ He is inclined to view Roderick as distraught and along these lines to dismiss any clarification Roderick suggests† (Bailey 446). The storyteller of the story relies upon the records of his host, Roderick however he doesn't confide in his friend’s mental stability. This makes a strain that is experienced by both the storyteller and the peruser; this pressure is the vulnerability of what is unfurling on the grounds that it is through the direction of such a problematic source like an evidently frantic Roderick. Montresor of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† might not have the withered and undesirable look of Roderick Usher yet what he has done to his foe, Fortunato, is exceedingly pitiless. The deed may have appeared to be consummately arranged and proficient yet somebody who can vindicate an affront got by murder must be some way or another unhinged. The criminal’s mind is misrepresented as is obvious in his portrayal: â€Å"THE thousand wounds of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, however when he wandered upon affront I pledged revenge† (Poe, The Cask of Amontillado). My heart developed wiped out; it was the clamminess of the sepulchers that made it so. I rushed to make a finish of my work. I constrained the last stone into its position; I put it up. Against the new brick work I re-raised the old bulwark of bones. For the half of a century no human has upset them. In pace requiescat. (Poe, The Cask of Amontillado) In spite of the fact that Montresor shows some forceful feeling over what he has done to Fortunato, he proceeds with the wrongdoing systematically. In addition, this logical inconsistency, alongside expressing â€Å"Rest in Peace† to his casualty implies that Montresor is in reality crazy. In the two short stories, Poe delineates madness that has been gone through ages and afterward craziness that has been activated just by an affront. Nathaniel Hawthorne gives some worry about the destiny of spirits in his two stories â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. While Poe represents franticness that has come about because of being either naturally crazy or inclined to dysfunctional behavior, Hawthorne investigates fanatical strictness that can result to frenzy. Pastor Hooper’s solid feeling of strictness has driven him to an outrageous methods for observing the devout from the two-timer. â€Å"Why do you tremble at only me? †¦ Tremble likewise at one another! Have men stayed away from me, and ladies indicated no pity, and youngsters shouted and fled, just for my dark shroud? † (Hawthorne, The Minister’s Black Veil) The man has chosen to put a dark cloak all over. Not even his fiancee has had the option to convince him to remove the shroud which thusly has given him a ceaselessly grieving persona. In spite of the fact that he is intellectually able to proceed with his obligations as priest, he does them with a dismal air which the cover produces for him. The emphasis on continually wearing the dark cloak shows fanatical conduct identified with his confidence regardless of the way that he has not really expressed what his genuine purpose behind wearing the shroud is. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Hawthorne again handles the impacts of the impression of wrongdoing. Here, the primary character is abused by what he believes is the genuine information on different people’s sins. What he doesn't know about is that the Devil, which he has partnered with in the forested areas, has caused him to accept that everyone in his locale is engaged with appalling deeds. â€Å"†¦elders of the congregation have murmured wanton words to the youthful servants of their family units; what number of a lady, anxious for widows’ weeds, has given her better half a beverage at sleep time and let him rest his last rest in her chest; how smooth adolescents have made scramble to acquire their fathers’ riches; and how reasonable damsels†¦ have dove little graves in the nursery, and bidden me, the sole visitor to an infant’s funeral† (Hawthorne). Having accepted the Devil’s lies, Goodman Brown is ceaselessly dubious of his neighbors’ aims. He even accepts their great deeds to be just bombastic presentations of devotion. In view of this conduct, Goodman Brown disengages himself from the remainder of the network and bites the dust a desolate demise. Hawthorne investigates the subjects of separation and ardent strictness in his two short stories, communicating the threats of the two topics. Both Poe and Hawthorne have successfully communicated the mental territory that their principle characters are in. Through utilizing a storyteller that is either the character with the sketchy mental state or one that questions that character, the accounts become progressively puzzling and subject to singular understanding while the power of feelings originating from the fundamental characters can radiate through. The two creators investigate mental shakiness in various structures; Poe’s stories are about intrinsic, perhaps hereditary propensities to lose one’s brain while Hawthorne’s two stories are about detachment that has come about because of over the top otherworldliness.

Illegal Immigration in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unlawful Immigration in America - Essay Example All through the vast majority of American history, America has depicted a presence of attack, and has ventured foot into pretty much every front line and landmass on the planet. Taking this forceful position towards tact, America ought not have the option to overlook its past, and state that subsequent to annihilating so much land and taking over such a significant number of people groups, it is presently not going to allow movement to occur. All things considered, this nation was based on migrants, and to not permit foreigners into this nation is just against every single past approach of the United States. To attack such huge numbers of grounds, and afterward turn the other check and not permit others into our own nation is pietism, and ought not be the position America takes. Indeed, even toward the beginning of our own history, Americans looked towards the West. Manifest Destiny experienced childhood in prominent attitude, and individuals started to drive the limits of the United States further and further West. This sentiment of regional case that the United States has to the remainder of the boondocks was utilized to legitimize a large number of our regional developments. Show Destiny has likewise been utilized to advocate for or legitimize other regional acquisitions. Supporters of Manifest Destiny accepted that extension was acceptable, however that it was self-evident (show) and certain (fate) (Manifest, 2007). This thought is as yet significant today, when individuals feel that America has the right, or even the calling to police different regions of the world. Be that as it may, America will in general extend without intuition or care towards the local individuals of the land. At the point when America was first being colonized for instance, a few history specialists gauge that up to 80% of some Native populaces kicked the bucket because of European diseases(Native, 2007). This evident absence of negligence proceeded through American history, as we took over Native American grounds and put them on reservations, all attempting to additionally grow our capacity. In any case, presently, when different people groups hope to move into this nation, we are not permitting them to do as such. Regardless of whether this nation was one taken in the interest of others. As America kept on developing, so did its outward arrangements of engaging in different nations. Nonetheless, today we won't give back by permitting different provinces to send their settlers to our territory. For example, in 1989 the United States interfered with Panama, arranging a pioneer we didn't affirm of. The United States invasion into Panama started on December 20, 1989, at 0100 nearby time. The activity included 27,684 U.S. troops and more than 300 airplane - including the AC-130 Specter gunship, OA-37B Dragonfly perception and assault airplane, and the F-117A Nighthawk secrecy airplane and AH-64 Apache assault helicopter, the AH-64 and the F-117A both seeing their first battle arrangement. These were sent against the 16,000 individuals from the Panama Defense Force (United,2007). We likewise set up another President, a President we affirmed of. In any case, we were truly legitimized in making a move in this area Or was the 'father' thought of the United States defeating us Either way, if we somehow happened to attack a nation, one would feel that we would then permit foreigners from that nation. Nonetheless, one can see today that that isn't the situation, and that America is

New Student Photo Entry #23 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Entry #23 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The first three pictures today come from Eileen Liu, an incoming MIA student. The first was taken in Banff, Alberta, Canada.   This picture captures the two things that the word Alberta brings most often to my mind:   the beautiful Rocky Mountains and the provinces wealth of oil. The second picture was taken in a rural village in Kenya.   Most pictures of children in Africa show them with somber faces staring with melancholy eyes into the camera.   But this pictures shows that laughter, smiles and enthusiastic thumbs-ups are also a very large part of their lives. The last was taken in Tokyo, Japan.   Although cherry blossoms are an annual phenomenon in Japan, the locals still flock to these public parks every year to admire the beautiful flowers. _______________________________ The next three photos come from   N. E. Rudy Rickner, an admitted MIA student. July, 2002.   Chuuk Islands, FSM.   While most of the military was busy elsewhere in 2002, my squadron was assigned to reach out to the remote populations of the south Pacific.   We landed on about 20 remote islands.   This group of islands is Chuuk (formerly known as Truk) which is part of the Fed. States of Micronesia. July, 2002.   Chuuk Islands, FSM.   Mostly impoverished and isolated from technology, these children from Chuuk enthusiastically welcomed us.   I still cant quite grasp the contrast of worlds that collided when we arrived, yet we enjoyed warm welcomes and well wishes from everyone we encountered. February, 2006.   Ramadi, Iraq.   I took this picture on a foot patrol through the central market area of Ramadi, Iraq.   I was unaware of the contrast I captured when I snapped it.   While the young Marine is focused and aware of the danger he is in, the old man sits calmly smoking his cigarette.   He has an expression that conveys a tired understanding.   Unlike the Marine with the weapon, he doesnt feel threatened at all. ___________________________________ The next two photos come from Massimiliano Costa, incoming MIA student. The first photo was taken in Baku, Azerbaijan.   This photo was taken during the summer of 2008 in an oil field located a few miles from the city of Baku, on the Caspian Sea. This was the only blade of grass in that wasteland. The second photo was taken in Xinjiang, China.   In the desert between China and Kazakhstan, this peaceful lake lies in a valley still inhabited by nomadic people.

Creative Liberties in Shakespeare’s Richard II - Literature Essay Samples

Oftentimes when writing historical fiction, authors take creative liberties in their works. William Shakespeare was no different when he wrote his history plays. In Shakespeare’s English Kings, Peter Saccio discusses such discrepancies. In the course of this essay, the degree of victimization of King Richard II will be explored. As Saccio points out, â€Å"Richard was the victim of multiple treacheries in Wales, whereas Shakespeare’s Richard, although in a difficult position, is challenged by more honorable opponents and accompanied by more faithful supporters† (Saccio 30). The paper will pursue an answer to the purpose of Shakespeare’s modification of history in Richard II, and will analyze how those changes affect the play. First it is important to outline the discrepancies—that is, to contrast the real figures with Shakespeare’s characters in light of their relationships with Richard. According to Saccio, Northumberland promises Richard at Conway that Bolingbroke would let him keep his crown and his power in return for his rightful inheritance, but then ambushes the king when he comes (Saccio 29). Shakespeare does use Northumberland in his role as Bolingbroke’s messenger; however, the playwright completely leaves out the ambush. Instead, Richard willingly comes at Bolingbroke’s call, knowing that his reign as king has ended. He remarks to his cousin Aumerle, â€Å"What must the king do now? Must he submit? / The king shall do it. Must he be deposed? / The king shall be contented† (3.3.143 – 45). For all his faithfulness in the play, though, the real Aumerle was a traitor. The king’s cousin accompanied Richard II to Ireland, delayed his return, and was th e one to advise the splitting and dismissal of the army. After effectively diminishing Richard’s strength, Aumerle went to Bolingbroke (Saccio 29). Moreover, one of the more peripheral figures, Thomas Percy, the brother of Northumberland, never actually appears in Richard II. Rather, he is frequently referenced by other characters, and is said to have defected to Bolingbroke after Northumberland is declared a traitor: â€Å"The Earl of Worcester / Hath broken his staff, resigned his stewardship, / And all the household servants fled with him / To Bolingbroke† (2.2.58 – 61). In history, Percy deserts Richard II at the same time as Aumerle (Saccio 30). Each of these changes were calculated in order to influence the audience’s perception of King Richard II. Shakespeare portrays Richard II as a flowery, luxurious man, with an almost sinister undertone—it is heavily implied that he ordered the death of his uncle, the Duke of Gloucester—and a penchant for making bad decisions. Throughout the play Richard has a tendency to rely not on himself, but on his disputed divine right, which in the end falls apart. He attempts to force others to understand his rule is sanctioned by God, and promises divine retribution to those who betray him; however, even Richard has moments of doubt wherein he feels abandoned by God or that his divine rule is nonexistent. He laments, â€Å"Throw away respect, / Tradition, form, and ceremonious duty; / For you have but mistook me all this while. / I live with bread like you, feel want, taste grief, / Need friends. Subjected thus, / How can you say to me I am a king?† (3.2.172 – 77). The only one other than Richard, it seems, who advocates the sanctity of God’s chosen king is Carli sle. Both in history and in the play he protests Bolingbroke’s usurpation of the throne, though Shakespeare certainly added his theatrics to the affair. Arguably, either character’s views could be an intimation of Shakespeare’s own views on the subject, though it is more likely that he is not a believer in divine rule. The fact that Shakespeare modifies history to make Richard II seem less of a victim than he really was is a statement in itself. It presents a more favorable outlook on the deposition of the king, though does not necessarily imply he is sided with Bolingbroke. By making Richard incapable of keeping his crown through his own faults, rather than a combination of those and the betrayals of his friends and family, Shakespeare presents a weak, undeserving king. This also may have been mere tact. Perhaps Richard’s having allies is less upsetting for Shakespeare’s audience, and easier to write. Without a support system, Richard would have been truly alone, and the play might have ended sooner and much more morosely. The degree of victimization of King Richard II in history and in Shakespeare’s work is a slight factor that changed the overall tone and message of the play. In the play, Richard’s one constant was Aumerle, who outlived him and carried on his stance of loyalty beyond the king’s death. It is largely this dynamic that lessens the severity of Richard’s being betrayed, and warps the audience’s perspective of his deposition. Shakespeare used the power of creative liberty to his advantage in this case. Works Cited Saccio, Peter. Shakespeares English Kings : History, Chronicle, And Drama. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 19 Oct. 2016. Shakespeare, William. Richard II. Ed. Frances E. Dolan. New York: Penguin Group, 2000.